How to format your references using the Australian Dental Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Australian Dental Journal (ADJ). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Evans RL. Geophysics: Making the Earth move. Nature 2014;509:40–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sorger VJ, Zhang X. Physics. Spotlight on plasmon lasers. Science 2011;333:709–10.

A journal article with 3 authors

Brantley JN, Wiggins KM, Bielawski CW. Unclicking the click: mechanically facilitated 1,3-dipolar cycloreversions. Science 2011;333:1606–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Painter HJ, Morrisey JM, Mather MW, Vaidya AB. Specific role of mitochondrial electron transport in blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum. Nature 2007;446:88–91.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Todinov M. Reliability and Risk Models. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

Kalaja P. Beliefs, Agency and Identity in Foreign Language Learning and Teaching. Barcelos AMF, Aro M, Ruohotie-Lyhty M, eds. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Qureshi H, Verma A. It Is Just Not Cricket. In: Haberfeld MR, Sheehan D, eds. Match-Fixing in International Sports: Existing Processes, Law Enforcement, and Prevention Strategies. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2013:69–88.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Australian Dental Journal.

Blog post

Hale T. Granddad The Lungfish, World’s Oldest Aquarium Fish, Dies At Ridiculously Old Age [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/granddad-the-lungfish-worlds-oldest-aquarium-fish-dies-at-ridiculously-old-age/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Activities of the National Institute of Education, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1974 Jul. Report No.: B-164031(1).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ladendorff MZ. The effect of North American Electric Reliability Corporation critical infrastructure protection standards on bulk electric system reliability [Doctoral dissertation]. [Minneapolis, MN]: Capella University; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly M. THE 1992 CAMPAIGN: In His Own Words; On TV, a Very Public Education for Ross Perot. New York Times. 1992;A18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Australian Dental Journal
ISSN (print)	0045-0421
ISSN (online)	1834-7819
Scope