How to format your references using the Archives of Pharmacal Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Archives of Pharmacal Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Koen D (2004) Nuts and bolts. Selling your skills. Nature 427:570

A journal article with 2 authors

Tao FF, Salmeron M (2011) In situ studies of chemistry and structure of materials in reactive environments. Science 331:171–174

A journal article with 3 authors

Pollitz FF, Wicks C, Thatcher W (2001) Mantle flow beneath a continental strike-slip fault: postseismic deformation after the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake. Science 293:1814–1818

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Zhang HZ, Hackbarth CJ, Chansky KM, Chambers HF (2001) A proteolytic transmembrane signaling pathway and resistance to beta-lactams in staphylococci. Science 291:1962–1965

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hahn GJ, Doganaksoy N (2011) A Career in Statistics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Neves MF (2012) The orange juice business: A Brazilian perspective. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen

A chapter in an edited book

Brunner RD, Lynch AH (2010) Reframing the Context. In: Lynch AH (ed) Adaptive Governance and Climate Change. American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, pp 261–315

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Archives of Pharmacal Research.

Blog post

Davis J (2015) The Month In Which You’re Born Could Influence Which Diseases You Develop. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/month-which-youre-born-could-influence-what-diseases-you-develop/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2007) DOD Schools: Additional Reporting Could Improve Accountability for Academic Achievement of Students with Dyslexia. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Choi KK (2010) Conspiracy and alternative crimes in the Military Commissions Act of 2009: Is There a Way Out? Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shpigel B (2017) Mountain Time For the Texans. New York Times D1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Koen 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Koen 2004; Tao and Salmeron 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Tao and Salmeron 2011)
Three or more authors: (Zhang et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Archives of Pharmacal Research
Abbreviation	Arch. Pharm. Res.
ISSN (print)	0253-6269
ISSN (online)	1976-3786
Scope	Molecular Medicine Organic Chemistry Drug Discovery