How to format your references using the Archives of Pharmacal Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Archives of Pharmacal Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Trounson A (2009) Obituary: Xiangzhong (Jerry) Yang (1959-2009). Nature 458:161

A journal article with 2 authors

Caruthers M, Wells R (2011) Retrospective. Har Gobind Khorana (1922-2011). Science 334:1511

A journal article with 3 authors

Markos C, Kubat I, Bang O (2014) Hybrid polymer photonic crystal fiber with integrated chalcogenide glass nanofilms. Sci Rep 4:6057

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Chang S-Y, Li C-E, Huang Y-C, et al (2014) Structural and thermodynamic factors of suppressed interdiffusion kinetics in multi-component high-entropy materials. Sci Rep 4:4162

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Raynaud H, Arrow KJ (2011) Managerial Logic. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Ábrahám E, Havelund K (eds) (2014) Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems: 20th International Conference, TACAS 2014, Held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2014, Grenoble, France, April 5-13, 2014. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Nicola F, Rodino L (2010) G-Pseudo-Differential Operators. In: Rodino L (ed) Global Pseudo-Differential Calculus on Euclidean Spaces. Birkhäuser, Basel, pp 129–151

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Archives of Pharmacal Research.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Engineered Viruses Could Fight Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/engineered-viruses-could-fight-antibiotic-resistant-bacteria/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1999) Land Management Systems: Major Software Development Does Not Meet BLM’s Business Needs. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Coughenour BM (2014) Photovoltaic concentrator optical system design: Solar energy engineering from physics to field. Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Creswell J, de la MERCED MJ (2017) Activist Investor Seeks Seat at Procter & Gamble. New York Times B1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Trounson 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Trounson 2009; Caruthers and Wells 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Caruthers and Wells 2011)
Three or more authors: (Chang et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Archives of Pharmacal Research
Abbreviation	Arch. Pharm. Res.
ISSN (print)	0253-6269
ISSN (online)	1976-3786
Scope	Molecular Medicine Organic Chemistry Drug Discovery