How to format your references using the Archives of Pharmacal Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Archives of Pharmacal Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Fujita T (2006) Virology. Sensing viral RNA amid your own. Science 314:935–936

A journal article with 2 authors

Mitchell-Olds T, Knight CA (2002) Evolution. Chaperones as buffering agents? Science 296:2348–2349

A journal article with 3 authors

Bonabeau E, Dorigo M, Theraulaz G (2000) Inspiration for optimization from social insect behaviour. Nature 406:39–42

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Brauchle E, Thude S, Brucker SY, Schenke-Layland K (2014) Cell death stages in single apoptotic and necrotic cells monitored by Raman microspectroscopy. Sci Rep 4:4698

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kondoz AM (2006) Digital Speech. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Reynders N (2015) Ultra-Low-Voltage Design of Energy-Efficient Digital Circuits. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Rico DF (2010) Lean and Agile Project Management: For Large Programs and Projects. In: Abrahamsson P, Oza N (eds) Lean Enterprise Software and Systems: First International Conference, LESS 2010, Helsinki, Finland, October 17-20, 2010. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 37–43

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Archives of Pharmacal Research.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Watch The SpaceX Falcon 9 Rocket Launch Live. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/falcon-9-launches-tomorrow-currently-being-written-ls/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1996) Scientific Research: Continued Vigilance Critical to Protecting Human Subjects. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bartaula B (2017) Stand Level Growth and Survival Equations for Cutover Sites Loblolly Pine Plantations in the Mid-Gulf Region of Southern United States. Doctoral dissertation, Mississippi State University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Weber B (2016) Henry Worsley, a British Adventurer Trying to Cross Antarctica, Dies at 55. New York Times A24

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Fujita 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Mitchell-Olds and Knight 2002; Fujita 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Mitchell-Olds and Knight 2002)
Three or more authors: (Brauchle et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Archives of Pharmacal Research
Abbreviation	Arch. Pharm. Res.
ISSN (print)	0253-6269
ISSN (online)	1976-3786
Scope	Molecular Medicine Organic Chemistry Drug Discovery