How to format your references using the Applied Health Economics and Health Policy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Health Economics and Health Policy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Brotherton MS. Astrophysics: Quasar complexity simplified. Nature. 2014;513:181–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Emini EA, Koff WC. AIDS/HIV. Developing an AIDS vaccine: need, uncertainty, hope. Science. 2004;304:1913–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Curry R, Dickson B, Yashayaev I. A change in the freshwater balance of the Atlantic Ocean over the past four decades. Nature. 2003;426:826–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Keppler F, Eiden R, Niedan V, Pracht J, Schöler HF. Halocarbons produced by natural oxidation processes during degradation of organic matter. Nature. 2000;403:298–301.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Sengupta DL, Liepa VV. Applied Electromagnetics and Electromagnetic Compatibility. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

1. Aguayo-Torres MC, Gómez G, Poncela J, editors. Wired/Wireless Internet Communications: 13th International Conference, WWIC 2015, Malaga, Spain, May 25-27, 2015, Revised Selected Papers. 1st ed. 2015. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Bally V, Caramellino L, Cont R. Pathwise calculus for non-anticipative functionals. In: Caramellino L, Cont R, Utzet F, Vives J, editors. Stochastic Integration by Parts and Functional Itô Calculus. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 125–52.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Health Economics and Health Policy.

Blog post

1. Hamilton K. Mosquitos Captured In High-Speed Reveal Flight Unlike Any Other Insect [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/mosquitos-captured-in-high-speed-reveal-flight-unlike-any-other-insect/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Space Science: Status of the Hubble Space Telescope Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988 May. Report No.: NSIAD-88-118BR.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Hernandez K. Life skills education for at-risk youth at Soledad Enrichment Action Charter High School: A grant proposal [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Joy S. Pursuing Inside-Out Strategies. New York Times. 2015 Dec 3;D17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Health Economics and Health Policy
Abbreviation	Appl. Health Econ. Health Policy
ISSN (print)	1175-5652
ISSN (online)	1179-1896
Scope	Economics and Econometrics General Medicine Health Policy

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