How to format your references using the Applied Health Economics and Health Policy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Health Economics and Health Policy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Fernald RD. Casting a genetic light on the evolution of eyes. Science. 2006;313:1914–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Mori M, Umemura M. The evolution of galaxies from primeval irregulars to present-day ellipticals. Nature. 2006;440:644–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Mossinger J, White M, Goymer P. Coastal regions. Nature. 2013;504:35.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Herr AJ, Jensen MB, Dalmay T, Baulcombe DC. RNA polymerase IV directs silencing of endogenous DNA. Science. 2005;308:118–20.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Petrucelli JR. Detecting Fraud in Organizations. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

1. Papathanassis A, Breitner MH, Schoen C, Guhr N, editors. Cruise Management: Information and Decision Support Systems. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Morgado C, Leitão T, Cunha JC. An Approach for Characterizing Group-Based Interactive Environments. In: Lai C, Giuliani A, Semeraro G, editors. Distributed Systems and Applications of Information Filtering and Retrieval: DART 2012: Revised and Invited Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014. p. 79–100.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Health Economics and Health Policy.

Blog post

1. O`Callaghan J. Space Plane Company Develops Revolutionary Hybrid Rocket Engine That Could Take You Anywhere In The World In Four Hours [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/space-plane-company-receives-funding-develop-their-revolutionary-hybrid-rocket-engine/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Use of Federal Employees as Personal Aides to Federal Officials in Selected Departments and Agencies. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1982 Jul. Report No.: FPCD-82-52.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Stout J. The Effects of Discipline with African-American Males at an Alternative Middle School: The Perceptions of Parents/Guardians, Teachers, Administrators, and Other Academic Stakeholders [Doctoral dissertation]. [Scottsdale, AZ]: Northcentral University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Walsh MW. James Wood, 85; Revived A.&P. Chain. New York Times. 2015 Apr 5;A22.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Health Economics and Health Policy
Abbreviation	Appl. Health Econ. Health Policy
ISSN (print)	1175-5652
ISSN (online)	1179-1896
Scope	Economics and Econometrics General Medicine Health Policy