How to format your references using the Applied Health Economics and Health Policy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Health Economics and Health Policy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Gershon D. US Congress encouraged to lay out the welcome mat for skilled foreigners. Nature. 2000;405:597–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Klironomos JN, Hart MM. Food-web dynamics. Animal nitrogen swap for plant carbon. Nature. 2001;410:651–2.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Hwang C-S, Shemorry A, Varshavsky A. N-terminal acetylation of cellular proteins creates specific degradation signals. Science. 2010;327:973–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Zhang P, Xiao BB, Hou XL, Zhu YF, Jiang Q. Layered SiC sheets: a potential catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction. Sci Rep. 2014;4:3821.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Kaltashov IA, Eyles SJ. Mass Spectrometry in Biophysics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

1. Osei-Bryson K-M, Mansingh G, Rao L, editors. Knowledge Management for Development: Domains, Strategies and Technologies for Developing Countries. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Farage MA, Miller KW, Maibach HI. Degenerative Changes in Aging Skin. In: Farage MA, Miller KW, Maibach HI, editors. Textbook of Aging Skin. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. p. 25–35.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Health Economics and Health Policy.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Stories From The Sky: Astronomy In Indigenous Knowledge [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/stories-sky-astronomy-indigenous-knowledge/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Educating Students at Gallaudet and the National Technical Institute for the Deaf: Who Are Served and What Are the Costs? Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1985 Mar. Report No.: HRD-85-34.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Rostambeigi N. Analyzing the correlates of patients’ adoption of preventative health services: Perceived risk, cost and availability of health care services [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Hartocollis A. At Hospital, Its Ex-C.E.O. Finds Lucrative Work. New York Times. 2014 Jul 16;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Health Economics and Health Policy
Abbreviation	Appl. Health Econ. Health Policy
ISSN (print)	1175-5652
ISSN (online)	1179-1896
Scope	Economics and Econometrics General Medicine Health Policy