Journal abbreviation: Left business observer

The abbreviation of the journal title "Left business observer" is "Left Bus. Obs.". It is the recommended abbreviation to be used for abstracting, indexing and referencing purposes and meets all criteria of the ISO 4 standard for abbreviating names of scientific journals.

Abbreviation rules

The table below outlines in detail the ISO 4 rules and matches to the ISSN maintained list of title word abbreviations (TWA) to derive the abbreviation.

TitleAbbreviationWord/Stem/Rule
LeftLeftNo abbreviation listed in TWA.
businessBus.matches the word "business"
observerObs.matches the stem "observ-"

Abbreviation systems

ISO 4 abbreviation is a system established by the International Organization for Standardization, specifically for shortening journal titles. This uniform approach to abbreviations enables efficient and accurate communication of journal names in academic research.

ISO (International Organization for Standardization), NLM (National Library of Medicine), and CASSI (CAS Source Index) represent three distinct journal title abbreviation systems, with ISO being universal, NLM specific to biomedical fields, and CASSI focusing on chemistry-related subjects.

About the journal

Full journal titleLeft business observer
AbbreviationLeft Bus. Obs.
ISSN (print)1042-0134
ISSN (online)NA
NLM catalogNA

Other journal abbreviations