Journal abbreviation: Left business observer
The abbreviation of the journal title "Left business observer" is "Left Bus. Obs.". It is the recommended abbreviation to be used for abstracting, indexing and referencing purposes and meets all criteria of the ISO 4 standard for abbreviating names of scientific journals.
Abbreviation rules
The table below outlines in detail the ISO 4 rules and matches to the ISSN maintained list of title word abbreviations (TWA) to derive the abbreviation.
| Title | Abbreviation | Word/Stem/Rule |
|---|---|---|
| Left | Left | No abbreviation listed in TWA. |
| business | Bus. | matches the word "business" |
| observer | Obs. | matches the stem "observ-" |
Abbreviation systems
The abbreviation system known as ISO 4 is a standardized approach by the International Organization for Standardization for shortening journal titles. This uniform method ensures that journal titles are both consistent and easily recognizable in scholarly communication.
Journal title abbreviations include ISO (International Organization for Standardization) for a wide range of subjects, NLM (National Library of Medicine) for biomedical and life sciences, and CASSI (CAS Source Index) for chemistry and related fields.
About the journal
| Full journal title | Left business observer |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation | Left Bus. Obs. |
| ISSN (print) | 1042-0134 |
| ISSN (online) | NA |
| NLM catalog | NA |